A mermaid is a legendary creature with a female human head and torso (if it’s male, it’s called a merman) and the tail of a fish, which inhabits the water. Some sailors claim to have seen mermaids; what they actually saw are probably manatees. A freshwater mermaid-like creature having two tails is a melusine, or a Nixie.
In the 19th century, P. T. Barnum displayed in his museum a taxidermy hoax that was represented as the Feejee (He thought suckers could not pronouce Figi.) Mermaid.
Sirens in folklore are similar creatures to mermaids. Other related types of mythical or legendary creature are water nymphs or the Banshee (on land).
Mermaids first appeared historically in Assyria, ca. 1000 BCE. Atargatis, the mother of legendary Assyrian queen Semiramis, was a goddess who loved a mortal shepherd and in the process killed him. Ashamed, she jumped into a lake to take the form of a fish, but the waters would not conceal her divine nature. Thereafter, she took the form of a mermaid – human above the waist, fish below, though the earliest representations of Atargatis showed her as being a fish with a human head and legs, similar to the Babylonian Ea, precursor of the Biblical Noah. The Greeks recognized Atargatis under the name Derketo, where she was often conflated with Aphrodite.
Mermaids are present in many books and films, becoming one of the most popular creatures of pop culture. The first time a mermaid was envisioned within her own culture was apparently the one in The Little Mermaid of Hans Christian Andersen, which was embodied in a bronze sculpture in Copenhagen harbor and much later was turned into a Disney movie of the same name. Other popular movies to feature a mermaid were Miranda, starring Glynis Johns and Splash, starring Daryl Hannah. L. Frank Baum (creator of Oz) wrote a novel about merfolk, The Sea Fairies. Mermaids and Mermen (called Merpeople) are present in the Harry Potter series, specifically in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. For many years, The comic book hero Superman had a romantic love interest with a mermaid woman called Lori Lemaris (one of Superman’s “LL” connections: Lex Luthor, Lana Lang, Lois Lane, Lori Lemaris). The name Lori Lemaris was probably drawn from Lorelei rock in the Rhine added to maris from the Latin mare meaning ocean. Advertising characters who were ever shown on any of the television commercials such as Chicken of the Sea Mermaid who was the cartoon mascot.
A shield and sword-wielding mermaid (Syrenka) is the official Coat of Arms of Warsaw, the capital of Poland.
It is said in Japan that eating the flesh of a Mermaid can grant unaging immortality. Queequeg and I want to go on a gourmet tour of Japan. (via Wikipedia)
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