Bookworm is a popular generalization for any insect which supposedly bore through books.
Actual book-borers are uncommon. Both the larvae of the Death-watch Beetle (Xestobium rufovillosum) and the Furniture Beetle (Anobium punctatum) will tunnel through wood – and if paper is in close proximity they will pass into that.
A major book feeding insect is the booklouse (or book louse). A tiny (under 1 mm), soft-bodied wingless psocoptera (usually Trogium pulsatorium), that actually feeds on molds and other organic matter found in ill-maintained works. Although they will also attack bindings and other parts. It is not actually a true louse.
Many other insects, like the Silverfish (Lepisma saccharina) or Cockroach (various Blattodea), will consume these molds and also degraded paper or the starch-based binding pastes – warmth and moisture or high humidity are prerequisites, so damage is more common in the tropics. Modern glues and paper are less attractive to insects.
Tineola biselliella and Hofmannophila pseudospretella will attack cloth bindings. Leather bound books attract various consumers, such as Dermestes lardarius and the larvae of Attagenus unicolor and Stegobium paniceum.
The bookworm moth (Heliothis zea or H. virescens) and its larvae are not interested in books. The larvae are pests for cotton or tobacco growers as the Cotton Bollworm or Tobacco Budworm. (via Wikipedia)
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